Researchers at the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers have already demonstrated how hackers could spend the same bitcoins twice, undermining the entire decentralised ledger system, warned Mr Itaoui.

“Soft ‘forks’ can create windows for hackers. These soft forks are the result of software updates or other software incompatibilities that can lead to a disruption of the decentralised ledgers, potentially creating a new ledger if the bugs are not eradicated,” he explained.

“Co-ordinated attacks by hackers, such as a balance attack, can capitalise on these forks, potentially leading to the doubling up of transactions, and could result in [an] SMSF’s investment being adversely impacted, or even becoming worthless.”

Millions of dollars of bitcoin and other types of cryptocurrencies have already been stolen by hackers, he said. SMSF Adviser’s sister title Nest Egg reported on a significant attack on cryptocurrency exchange CoinCheck that occurred just last month.

“Another contentious issue, which we hope to never see in a fund, is the theft of information,” said Mr Itaoui.

“Hackers can potentially exploit the decentralised ledger to access sensitive data about existing accounts, and once this data is in the wrong hands, it can potentially be used to defraud the SMSF of its assets.”

SMSF auditors he said need to be prudent in establishing existence, and if a SMSF has been defrauded of its Bitcoin assets, then the auditor needs to ensure that this is accurately reflected in the financial statements.

"Furthermore, the auditor needs to be aware of the risk areas, and advise the trustees accordingly. For example, minimising the amount of bitcoin stored in hot wallets which are susceptible to hacking."